UNITED NATIONS CONVENTIONS ON THE LAW OF SEA

INTRODUCTION

Article 1

Use of terms and scope

1. For the purposes of this Convention:

(1) "Area" means the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof,

beyond the limits of national jurisdiction;

(2) "Authority" means the International Seabed Authority;

(3) "activities in the Area" means all activities of exploration for,

and exploitation of, the resources of the Area;
(4) "pollution of the marine environment" means the introduction
by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine
environment, including estuaries, which results or is likely to result in such
deleterious effects as harm to living resources and marine life, hazards to
human health, hindrance to marine activities, including fishing and other
legitimate uses of the sea, impairment of quality for use of sea water and
reduction of amenities;
(5) (a) "dumping" means:
(i) any deliberate disposal of wastes or other matter from
vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made
structures at sea;
(ii) any deliberate disposal of vessels, aircraft, platforms
or other man-made structures at sea;
(b) "dumping" does not include:
(i) the disposal of wastes or other matter incidental to, or
derived from the normal operations of vessels,
aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at
sea and their equipment, other than wastes or other
matter transported by or to vessels, aircraft, platforms
or other man-made structures at sea, operating for the
purpose of disposal of such matter or derived from
the treatment of such wastes or other matter on such
vessels, aircraft, platforms or structures;
(ii) placement of matter for a purpose other than the mere
disposal thereof, provided that such placement is not
contrary to the aims of this Convention.
2. (1) "States Parties" means States which have consented to be bound
by this Convention and for which this Convention is in force.
(2) This Convention applies mutatis mutandis to the entities
referred to in article 305, paragraph l(b), (c), (d), (e) and (f), which become
Parties to this Convention in accordance with the conditions relevant to each,
and to that extent "States Parties" refers to those entities
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Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite sul diritto del mare - OCEANI –ARCIPELAGHI_1958_1959_CONVENZIONE GINEVRA_ / 1982 Montego Bay _ Roma 1992 _

Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite sul diritto del mareSOMMARIOPaginaPREAMBOLO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21PARTE I. INTRODUZIONE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Articolo 1. L'uso dei termini e la portata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22PARTE II. Mare territoriale e zona contigua. . . . . . . . 23SEZIONE 1. DISPOSIZIONI GENERALI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Articolo 2. Status giuridico del territoriomare, dello spazio aereo sopra lamare territoriale e del suo lettoe sottosuolo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23SEZIONE 2. LIMITI DEL MARE TERRITORIALE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Articolo 3. Larghezza del mare territoriale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Articolo 4. Limite esterno del mare territoriale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Articolo 5. Normali al basale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Articolo 6. Scogliere. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Articolo 7. Linee di base diritte. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Articolo 8. Acque interne. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Articolo 9. Foci dei fiumi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Articolo 10. Baie. . . . . . . . 24Articolo 11. Porte. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Articolo 12. Rade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Articolo 13. Bassa marea elevazioni. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Articolo 14. Combinazione di metodi perdeterminare linee di base. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Articolo 15. Delimitazione t a t i o n t hamare territoriale traStati con opposte ocoste adiacenti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Articolo 16. Grafici ed elenchi di coordinate geografiche. . . . . . 26SEZIONE 3. Passaggio inoffensivo nel mare territoriale. . . . . 26SOTTOSEZIONE A. NORME APPLICABILI a tutte le navi. . . . . . . . . 26Articolo 17. Diritto di passaggio inoffensivo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Articolo 18. Significato del passaggio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Articolo 19. Significato di passaggio inoffensivo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Articolo 20. Sommergibili e altri veicoli subacquei. . . . . . . 27Articolo 21. Leggi e regolamenti delStato costiero relativi allapassaggio inoffensivo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Articolo 22. Corsie di traffico marittimo eschemi di separazione delmare territoriale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Articolo 23. Straniere a propulsione nuclearenavi e navi adibite al trasportonucleari o altri intrinsecamente
PARTE I
INTRODUZIONE
articolo 1
L'uso dei termini e la portata
1. Ai fini della presente Convenzione:
(1) "Zona-ACOA": i fondi marini ed oceanici e la loro sottosuolo,
là dei limiti della giurisdizione nazionale;
(2) "Autorità": l'Autorità internazionale dei fondi marini;
(Tre) per "attività nello Spazio": le attività di esplorazione,
e sfruttamento delle risorse dell'Area;(4) "l'inquinamento dell'ambiente marino": l'introduzioneda parte dell'uomo, direttamente o indirettamente, di sostanze o di energia nell'ambiente marinoambiente, compresi gli estuari, che comporta o può comportare taleeffetti deleteri che danno per le risorse e la vita marina, rischi per lala salute umana, ostacolo alle attività marine, compresa la pesca e altriusi legittimi del mare compromissione, di qualità per l'uso di acqua di mare eriduzione dei servizi;(5) (a) "dumping" si intende:(I) ogni scarico deliberata di rifiuti o altri materiali danavi, aeromobili, piattaforme o altre artificialistrutture a mare;(Ii) ogni affondamento volontario di navi, aeromobili, piattaformeo altre strutture artificiali in mare;(B) il "dumping" non comprende:(I) lo smaltimento dei rifiuti o altri materiali relazione ad esso, oderivata dalla normali operazioni di navi,aeromobili, piattaforme o altre strutture artificiali amare e le loro apparecchiature, diversi dagli altri rifiuti omateria trasportata da o alle navi, aeromobili, piattaformeo altre strutture artificiali in mare, che opera per lafini dello smaltimento di tali materiali o derivati ​​dail trattamento di tali rifiuti o altri materiali su talinavi, aeromobili, piattaforme o strutture;(Ii) la collocazione della materia per uno scopo diverso dal semplicedello stesso eliminazione, sempre che tale collocazione non ècontrario agli obiettivi della presente Convenzione.2. (1) "Stati Parti": gli Stati che hanno acconsentito ad essere vincolatidalla presente Convenzione e per i quali la convenzione è in vigore.(2) La presente convenzione vale, mutatis mutandis, ai soggettidi cui all'articolo 305, comma l (b), (c), (d), (e) e (f), che diventanoParti alla presente Convenzione conformemente alle condizioni rilevanti per ciascuno,e in tal senso «gli Stati parti" si riferisce a quelle entità

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
CONTENTS
Page
PREAMBLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
PART I. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Article 1. Use of terms and scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
PART II. TERRITORIAL SEA AND CONTIGUOUS ZONE . . . . . . . . 23
SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Article 2. Legal status of the territorial
sea, of the air space over the
territorial sea and of its bed
and subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
SECTION 2. LIMITS OF THE TERRITORIAL SEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Article 3. Breadth of the territorial sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Article 4. Outer limit of the territorial sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Article 5. Normal baseline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Article 6. Reefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Article 7. Straight baselines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Article 8. Internal waters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Article 9. Mouths of rivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Article 10. Bays . . . . . . . . 24
Article 11. Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Article 12. Roadsteads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Article 13. Low-tide elevations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Article 14. Combination of methods for
determining baselines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Article 15. Delimi t a t i o n of t he
territorial sea between
States with opposite or
adjacent coasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Article 16. Charts and lists of geographical coordinates . . . . . . 26
SECTION 3. INNOCENT PASSAGE IN THE TERRITORIAL SEA . . . . . 26
SUBSECTION A. RULES APPLICABLE TO ALL SHIPS . . . . . . . . . 26
Article 17. Right of innocent passage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Article 18. Meaning of passage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Article 19. Meaning of innocent passage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Article 20. Submarines and other underwater vehicles . . . . . . . 27
Article 21. Laws and regulations of the
coastal State relating to
innocent passage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Article 22. Sea lanes and traffic
separation schemes in the
territorial sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Article 23. Foreign nuclear-powered
ships and ships carrying
nuclear or other inherently

dangerous or noxious

substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Article 24. Duties of the coastal State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Article 25. Rights of protection of the coastal State . . . . . . . . . 29

Article 26. Charges which may be levied upon foreign ships . . 29

SUBSECTION B. RULES APPLICABLE TO

MERCHANT SHIPS AND

GOVERNMENT SHIPS

O P E R A T E D F O R

COMMERCIAL PURPOSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Article 27. Criminal jurisdiction on board a foreign ship . . . . . 30

Article 28. Civil jurisdiction in relation to foreign ships . . . . . . 30

SUBSECTION C. RULES APPLICABLE TO

WARSHIPS AND OTHER

GOVERNMENT SHIPS

O P E R A T E D F O R

NON-COMMERCIAL

PURPOSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Article 29. Definition of warships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Article 30. Non-compliance by warships with the laws and

regulations of the coastal State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Article 31. Responsibility of the flag

State for damage caused by

a warship or other

government ship operated

for non-commerci al

purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Article 32. Immunities of warships and

other government ships

o p e r a t e d f o r

non-commercial purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

SECTION 4. CONTIGUOUS ZONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Article 33. Contiguous zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

PART III. STRAITS USED FOR INTERNATIONAL

NAVIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Article 34. Legal status of waters

forming straits used for

international navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Article 35. Scope of this Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Article 36. High seas routes or routes

through exclusive economic

zones through straits used

for international navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

SECTION 2. TRANSIT PASSAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Article 37. Scope of this section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Article 38. Right of transit passage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Article 39. Duties of ships and aircraft during transit passage . . 33

Article 40. Research and survey activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Article 41. Sea lanes and traffic

separation schemes in straits

PART I